Rape of girls‑women in India from 1947 to 2025 State-Wise Data, Pending Cases, Solved Cases & Rate
- Since constitutional independence in 1947, India has achieved a lot in the area of social reforms, yet rape, particularly of girls and young women, is our most grievous, increasing crime. This article analyses available Rape of girls‑women in India official and research-based data between Rape of girls‑women in India from 1947 to 2025
- The number of rape cases that have been reported over the years and the age-group of the victims.
- The state wise status- big states, such as Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, to small regions with crime rates such as Uttarakhand, Delhi- more cases are reported.
- The rate of pending versus resolved cases (pendency rate), as well as the rate of conviction of the courts which is frequently around the national average of 25-30%.
- Which social-legal conditions, e.g. non-reporting, ineffective police investigation, years of trial, contribute to the sluggishness of the justice process?
Rape incident data in India (based on NCRB and other sources)
Rape of girls‑women in India from 1947 to 2025
However, there is no comprehensive and credible data on the number of rape cases in India each year since 1947 because the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) of India began to collect the information on rape cases in the 1980s. Previous information was partial or was based on unofficial work.
Also, the number of rape cases is normally under-represented through the social stigma and the difficulty of the legal procedure, hence the published ones could be lower than the real ones. However, I will attempt to provide a general sketch relying on the information present. Statistics in India in the context of rape (NCRB and other sources): 1947-1980: 1947-1970:
The data available on rape incidents in the Centre during this period is very scanty. In the Partition of India (1947), there were rape cases in the backdrop of intense communal violence, in particular, in Punjab and Bengal. Rape was not the only form of violence, according to historical sources millions of people were displaced during this period.
But there are no particular statistics. 1970s: At this time, the cases of rape started to be reported with more frequency, but the statistics remained partial. Some studies showed that the rape cases in this epoch were restricted to a few thousand per year though this is way below the actual number.
1980s-2000s: 1980s: NCRB records show that the number of cases reported during 1980s was 10,000-15,000 cases a year. In illustration, some 10400 cases of rape were reported in 1986.
1990s: As in the past, rape cases increased in this decade as well. In 1995, it was reported to be about 16,000 cases. The greater reporting during this period was as a result of greater social awareness and reforms of laws.
2001-2010: 20012011: As per a report by Asian Centre for Human Rights, an estimated 48,000 cases of child rape were registered in the period. Child rape has been on the rise by a factor of 3.
2005: The NCRB data showed approximately 18,359 cases of rape.
2010: In this year, the rape cases increased to approximately 22,172.
2011-2020: 2012: With the rape incident in the Delhi bus, rape reporting went up. In this year there were reports of about 24,923 cases.
NCRB data of 2015 indicates 34,651 cases of rape with a maximum incidence in the age group of 18-30 years in women.
In 2016, approximately 38,947 cases were registered, which indicates the average of 92 rapes daily.
2018: The number of reported sexual abuse and child rape has risen, and an average of 24 cases of child rapes is being reported daily.
2019: About 32, 033 cases of rape were reported
2020: Around 28,046 cases were registered, though reporting was slightly lower due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2021-2025: 2021: Rape cases rose to around 31,677, according to NCRB data.
2022: Around 31,516 rape cases were registered. According to a post, 1,98,285 cases were pending this year, of which only 18,517 were disposed of.
2023: Around 31,000-32,000 cases are estimated to be registered.
2024: No specific data is available, but it is estimated that rape rates have remained stable or increased slightly compared to the previous year.
2025 (January-June): Complete data for 2025 is yet to be released. However, according to a post posted by X, it is claimed that a rape incident was reported every 15 minutes between 2018-2025, which indicates approximately 30,000-34,000 cases per year.
Assessment and Limitations: Unreported Cases: The actual number of rapes is much higher than the number reported. Many cases go unreported due to social stigma, police inaction, and a culture of impunity.
Child Rape: There has been an increase in the reporting of child rape since the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act came into force in 2012. In 2001-2011, 48,000 cases of child rape were reported, and in 2018, 24 cases of child rape were reported daily.
Legal Reforms: Legal reforms and increased public awareness after the 2012 Delhi rape incident have led to an increase in reporting.
Impunity: The conviction rate in rape cases is low. Most cases remain pending or the accused are acquitted.
Summary of rape cases till 2025: Total rape cases (1980-2025): Based on NCRB data, it is estimated that about 10-12 lakh rape cases have been reported in the last 45 years. However, the actual number could be much higher than this.
Projection for 2025: Though there is no specific data, based on the trends of previous years, it is likely that 30,000-34,000 cases will be reported annually.
The claim of 4 rapes every hour how true is it?
The claim of “4 rapes every hour” – how true is it?
Based on NCRB data: Year Reported rape cases Daily average Average per hour
2016
38,947
106.7
4.45 ✅
2018
~34,000
93.2
3.88
2019
32,033
87.8
3.66
2020
28,046 (COVID impact)
76.8
3.20
2021
31,677
86.8
3.62
2022
31,516
86.3
3.60
The claim of “4 rapes every hour” in 2016 was completely true (average of 4.45). By 2022, this figure will come down to 3.6 to 3.8 3.7% of rape cases in India have come down to between 3.7% and 5.7% of rape cases. However, the real number may be even higher, as 54% to 71% of rape cases go unreported.
Status of child rape:
In 2016: 19,765 of 38,947 cases were child rapes (~50%)
In 2021: More than 10% of victims were under the age of 18
Who commits rape?
In 2021, 89% of cases were perpetrators known to the victim
In 44% of these cases, a relative/family member was involved
Legal status and conviction rate:
Between 2018–2022, the conviction rate in rape cases was only 27–28%
In many cases, justice is not served due to lack of evidence, police negligence, or legal delays
Unreported incidents (Unreported Cases):
According to various reports and research, 54% to 71% of rape cases do not reach the police
Reasons behind this:
Fear/stigma of society
Lack of trust in police
Family pressure
2023–2025 situation:
2023/2024: Odisha records 8% rise in rape cases
The projected national increase is ~1.1%
2025:
Official data not available yet
But going by the trend, an average of 3.6 to 3.8 rapes are expected to occur per hour
Some recent high profile cases (2024):
Kolkata: A female doctor raped and murdered
Jharkhand: A foreign female tourist gang-raped These incidents have sparked outrage and protests across the country.
The claim of “4 rapes every hour” was true in 2016
Currently it is The figure is slightly lower (3.5–3.8), but still extremely serious
The real situation is far worse, as many cases go unreported
The conviction rate is low, and most offenders are known to the victim, which further complicates the situation
Top states in rape cases (as per NCRB data for 2022): 1. Rajasthan: Number of cases: 5,399 rape cases.
Rape statistics in India by 2025: Which state will have the most rapes?
Reported cases of rape across India in 2022, by state
Rate: 16.4 cases per lakh population.
Note: Rajasthan consistently tops the rape rate.
2. Uttar Pradesh: Number of cases: 3,690 rape cases.
Rate: About 2.5 cases per lakh population.
Note: The total number of crimes against women is the highest (65,743 cases), of which rape cases are significantly higher 1. Madhya Pradesh: Number of cases: 3,029 rape cases.
Rate: 7.8 cases per lakh population.
Comment: Rape rate is high, especially in rural areas.
4. Maharashtra: Number of cases: 2,496 (in 2021, may be slightly higher in 2022).
Rate: 7.5 cases per lakh population.
Comment: Maharashtra is notable for crimes against women.
5. Haryana: Number of cases: 1,480 (in 2019, may be slightly higher in 2022).
Rate: 12.3 cases per lakh population.
Comment: Rape cases have increased by 145% in the last decade.
NDTV REPORT NEW Delhi (Union Territory): Number of cases: 1,204 rape cases (in 2022).
Rate: 12.9 cases per lakh population.
Comment: In metros Delhi tops the list. The total number of crimes against women is 14,158.
Conviction Rate: Nationally: The conviction rate for rape cases in 2022 was only 9%. This means that out of 31,516 rape cases, only 2,836 cases resulted in conviction.
Reasons: Inadequate evidence.
Long trial process, which weakens evidence.
Social pressure and lack of reporting (54%-71% of cases go unreported).
State-wise resolution rate: Specific state-wise data is limited. Although Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have set up fast-track courts for speedy trials, these are inadequate compared to the number of cases.
Conviction Statistics (Prison and Death Penalty): Prison: Conviction in rape cases usually leads to a sentence of 7 years to life imprisonment, especially in cases of rape involving minors or gang rape.
In 2022, about 28,147 rape cases (89%) were committed by known persons were executed, and most of these were sentenced to jail. However, the NCRB does not have a state-wise breakup of the exact number.
Child rape: In cases of child rape (under 18 years, 10% of cases) the punishment is severe, usually life imprisonment.
Execution: The death penalty is rare, applied only in the “rarest of rare” cases (e.g., rape followed by murder).
Example: The four convicts in the 2012 Delhi Nirbhaya gang rape case were hanged (in 2020).
In 2022, there were 62 “rape-murder” cases, but the number of executions is much lower, as India opposes capital punishment in the United Nations and human rights organisations consider it cruel.
The hanging of Dhananjay Chatterjee (child rape and murder) in 2004 was controversial, and did not succeed in reducing rapes.
BBC.COM Current status (2025): Specific data for 2025 is limited. However, 2024 According to statistics from the rape-murder
Example: In 2024, a rape case from Kolkata was heard in the Supreme Court, but the emphasis is on speedy trial and jail instead of hanging.
Unresolved cases: 2017 data: Over 1,27,800 rape cases were pending. In 2022: Only 9% of cases were completed, the rest are still pending. Of these, Rajasthan,
Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have the highest caseload. Reasons: Complexity of legal process. Inefficiency of police and lack of evidence collection. Victims do not file cases due to social stigma
Wikipedia Top states: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Haryana top the list of rape cases. Among metros, Delhi has the highest number of cases. Resolution rate:
Only 9% of cases result in conviction, which shows the weakness of the justice system. Punishment: Life imprisonment is most common; hanging is rare and severe punishment is given in cases of child rape or murder.
2025 data: In the absence of specific data, it can be inferred from the trends for 2022-2024 that rape rates have declined slightly, but resolution rates and number of executions remain low
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India Rape Cases by State (2022 - NCRB)
भारत में राज्यवार रेप केस डेटा (2022 - NCRB)
| राज्य / केंद्र शासित प्रदेश | रिपोर्टेड रेप केस | प्रति 1 लाख जनसंख्या |
|---|---|---|
| Rajasthan | 5,399 | 13.8 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 3,690 | 3.3 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 3,029 | 7.3 |
| Maharashtra | 2,904 | 4.8 |
| Haryana | 1,787 | 12.7 |
| Odisha | 1,464 | 6.4 |
| Jharkhand | 1,298 | 6.8 |
| Chhattisgarh | 1,246 | 8.3 |
| Delhi (UT) | 1,212 | 12.3 |
| Assam | 1,113 | 6.4 |
| West Bengal | 1,111 | 2.3 |
| Bihar | 881 | 1.5 |
| Uttarakhand | 867 | 15.4 |
| Kerala | 814 | 4.4 |
| Telangana | 814 | 4.3 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 621 | 2.3 |
| Gujarat | 610 | 1.8 |
| Karnataka | 595 | 1.8 |
| Punjab | 517 | 3.6 |
| Tamil Nadu | 421 | 1.1 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 359 | 9.8 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 287 | 4.5 |
| Meghalaya | 75 | 4.5 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 74 | 9.8 |
| Goa | 73 | 9.4 |
| Tripura | 62 | 3.1 |
| Manipur | 42 | 2.6 |
| Mizoram | 14 | 2.3 |
| Sikkim | 13 | 4.0 |
| Nagaland | 7 | 0.7 |
| Union Territories (अन्य) | - | - |
How many rape cases are reported in India every year?
On average, India reports between 30,000 to 35,000 rape cases annually in recent years. In 2022, 31,516 cases were officially recorded by the NCRB, with Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh among the states with the highest numbers.
2. Which Indian state has the highest number of rape cases?
According to NCRB data, Rajasthan consistently ranks at the top with the highest number of rape cases, followed by Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. In 2022, Rajasthan alone reported 5,399 rape cases.
What is the conviction rate for rape cases in India?
India’s conviction rate in rape cases is relatively low, averaging around 27% to 30% nationally. Many cases remain pending for years due to delays in investigations and trials.